hamlet reversal of fortunehamlet reversal of fortune
Hamlet denies he had ever bestowed gifts upon her, despite her recalling that he had with words so sweet (3.1.107). Lady Fortune and her Wheel. Finlayson, James G., "Conflict and Reconciliation in Hegel's Theory of the Tragic", This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 13:56. . This shows that many are frequently influenced by the voice in our head that tells us to do something even when we know we should not. Because of conditioning in life, the Ghost of the late King appears in the same armor he was known to wear and on familiar territory, the royal castle at Elsinore. All the themes build the play into a well-rounded entity while running simultaneously. Ill follow thee. . Copyright 2023 Famous Quotes & Sayings. "Reversal of Fortune" was originally released in the United States on Oct. 19, 1990, and is just one successful film in director Barbet Schroeder's celebrated filmography. (Ghost and Hamlet exit.) 08.08.13. The quick reversal of fortune is surprising, but also makes sense as the man has been making risky investments all his life. No need to wait any longer, she is so deserving with a film career that includes Fatal Attraction, The Big Chill, The World According to Garp, Dangerous Liaisons, The Natural, Jagged Edge, The Paper, Hamlet, Reversal of Fortune, 101 Dalmatians, Air Force One, Albert Nobbs, Hillbilly Elegy, and many, many more. [is] concerned that Laertes conduct in Paris does not make him look bad. Is it Hamlets own imagination? Following the play that Hamlet has arranged of Murder of Gonzago to confirm his suspicion of the guiltiness of Claudius, where he has successfully done by the action shown by Claudius where he storms out in anger, meaning that it allowed Hamlet to morally kill Claudius. Whether or not Gertrude was unfaithful prior to the death of King Hamlet remains a disputed point. Lord Chamberlain . of ironic reversal which is repeated again and again by Hamlet and by other characters and continually symbolized by enacted events. he sold all of his A tragic hero's misfortune or punishment must be greater than what he deserves. The objective story progresses from the characters instinctive responses to the atmosphere that suffocates Elsinore, to an exploration of the basic drives and desires of its occupants. In order for Hamlet to make a powerful impact in exposing Claudius as a murderer, Claudius must still enjoy a future as ruler of Denmark. Combined with his penchant for thought, Hamlet is constantly finding multitudes of meaning in thingsmany of which are completely misconstrued and undermine his efforts. Revenge is eventually exacted, but at a cost far too dear; all the primary objective characters, with the exception of Horatio, suffer a tragic death. I am sorry. Omissions? Hamlet refers to Alexander the Great being buried and becoming one with the sand. (Bevington xxxi), ""The King is Dead - Long Live the King!"". In 1996 she took such varied roles as the first lady in Tim Burtons Mars Attacks! In the latter film he starred as Claus von Blow, a wealthy socialite convicted of the attempted murder of his wife. It is often an ironic twist, as in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex when a messenger brings Oedipus news about his parents . Lo here I lie, / Never to rise again. the murder of a king and father, and the marriage of Claudius and Gertrude. In his worldliness and cynicism, he is absolutely sure that he knows how young men behave when away from parental controldrinking, fencing, quarreling, and wenching. When you take away Airbnbs, rents go down. For example, the Ghost asks Hamlet to speak with Gertrude: But look, amazement on thy mother sits. Lowers remarks on Hamlets larger concern: Hamlets concept of honor, implicit from the beginning, is something far above that held by Laertes and Polonius. . The thematic conflict of truth and falsehood is scattered throughout Hamlet. For example, King Claudius duplicity regarding his brothers murder; Hamlets duplicity in his crazy behavior; The play-within-a-play itself is designed to present truth to contrast the falsehood of the real life players; The true purpose of Hamlets trip to England (to have him killed) contrasted with the purported purpose (Hamlets education); The purpose of the duel between Hamlet and Laertes; and so forth. Noble, is someone that is important, they have a high status, and hold an official title. . His wish that Claudius be sent to hell and that Gertrude be more gently treated is not the judgment of an impartial deity but the emotional reaction of a murdered mans restless spirit. That law is based upon the sacramental view of a mystical bond formed in marriage which creates a relationship between man and wife as close as that which exists between blood relations. And to further enforce its regulation, Irvine works with a property technology company to monitor and detect violations. He explained that they were able to measure the effect using contracted long-term rental prices versus asking long-term rental prices, which previous Airbnb studies have useddespite the fact that anyone can ask for $10,000 per month for rent but that doesnt mean thats what theyll get. Reversal of Fortune Part 4 07:12. King: Gertrude, do not drink. Aristotle identified Oedipus Rex as the principal work demonstrating peripety. Ja'far thus realizes that his own slave was the culprit all along. Wealthy Sunny von Blow lies brain-dead, husband Claus guilty of attempted murder; but he says he's innocent and hires Alan Dershowitz for his appeal. Polonius is certain Hamlet is driven mad by his love for his daughter: Polonius: This is the very ecstasy of love / Whose violent property fordoes [destroys] itself / And leads the will to desperate undertakings / As oft as any passions under heaven / That does afflict our natures. Something is indeed rotten in the state of Denmark. Sometimes other people cannot see the Ghost which makes it difficult for Hamlet to deal with the seeming reality of the Ghost and the demands it has made upon him. This throws doubt into Hamlets mind as to the reality of the Ghost and its accusations. . . You've reached the "hub" for any and all Dramatica analysis of Hamlet. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Top 5 Hamlet Reversal Of Fortune Quotes & Sayings 2022-11-08. Claudius murder of the king drives Hamlet to despair; The Ghosts appearance drives Hamlet to seek revenge; Hamlets killing of Polonius drives Claudius to plot Hamlets death; Ophelias accidental drowning (and Polonius murder) drives Laertes to seek Hamlets death; and so forth. | Contact Us . Terms & Conditions. Nor is his state of unhappiness attributed to the death of a beloved and honored father; rather, it is the marriage of his mother to his uncle, who now is King of Denmark (Lowers 20). She is one of the longest starring actresses in Hollywood at the moment, having worked as an actress for over four decades. who murdered his brother. He is scared about the thought of what he will become should he die and this ties in with the acts of uncertainty he has displayed throughout the play which I will get more into later. He then finds Rayhan and solves the case, preventing his own execution. Thurman Munson. (xx-xxi). . For example, Oedipus Rex, the title character of Sophocles' tragedy, is considered a classic tragic hero. Technically Hamlet is able to achieve his revenge and the very end of the play but not before his mother dying accidentally, Ophelias brother, as well as Hamlet himself. He feels sad that he was not able to get revenge for his father or help his mother before being sent to England, however, this is when he decides to do away with his indecisiveness and he goes about actually killing his uncle. Also he feared what would happen if he killed the king: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, (3.1.53)., While Hamlet is extremely depressed with his uncle murdering his father and marrying his mom only two months since his death, the problem Hamlet has with dying is that he doesnt know exactly what happens when we die. . Logically this makes a lot of sense to due, however in this case he should have just listened to the ghost and put an end to his uncles reign right then and there. This is the best way to spark and maintain attention throughout the various form and genres of drama "Tragedy imitates good actions and, thereby, measures and depicts the well-being of its protagonist. (1.5.15-18), The question of the Ghost possessing evil powers comes in to play: The royal family (including Polonius family) are constantly trying to find out how Hamlet seems to be by getting second hand information from people who have interacted with him. If the memory of King Hamlet is not allowed to rest, a repetition of the past murder will (and does) occur. this dreaded sight, as Marcellus calls it, which fills Horatio with fear and wonder? Hamlet is implored not to let the royal bed of Denmark be / A couch for luxury [sensuality] and damned incest (1.5.82-83). Jose Reyes. The term is primarily used with reference to works of literature; its anglicized form is peripety . King Claudius and his councillor, Polonius, have their suspicions about the young man and keep close watch. has the shift of the tragic protagonist's fortune from good to bad, which is essential to the plot of a tragedy. Hamlet then exercises his free will, and turns the orders around onto Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The protagonist goes from a bad situation to a good one. Aristotle considers anagnorisis, leading to peripeteia, the mark of a superior tragedy. The Ghost described its condition of afterlife, not as an undiscoverd country but as the Catholic purgatory necessary for the souls purification before translation to heaven. Peripeteia /prpte./ (alternative Latin form: Peripeta, ultimately from Greek: ) is a reversal of circumstances, or turning point. Unhand me, gentlemen. Updates? After his return from England, he senses triumphantly that all will be for the best if he allows an unseen power to decide the time and place for his final act. Earlier in the play he spoke of his soul as immortal (1.5.66-67). In the story's twist ending, the daughter reveals that she obtained it from their slave, Rayhan. Copyright 1994-2023 Write Brothers, Inc. All Rights Reserved. According to canonical law which informs Shakespeares play, such a marriage (between a man and his dead brothers wife) is strictly forbidden. This solidifies another point that I had discussed earlier that a tragic hero often suffers to an extreme amount for almost no reason at all. Once a saver, always a saver: Warren Buffett says generational wealth isnt what it used to be in his annual letter Its bigger than the housing crisis: An influential economist just blamed NIMBYs for American decline, and Elon Musk CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. Irvine is one of the few cities that strictly enforces such regulation and actually prohibits Airbnbs in residential zoning areas. The Ghost tells Hamlet that it is the spirit of his father, doomed for a time to walk on earth during the nights and to endure purgatorial fires during daytime in expiation for sins committed during life. O Globo d'Oro a o Millor Actor Dramatico (Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama en angls) ye uno d'os premios Globos d'Oro que concede cada ayada l' Asociacin d'a Prensa Forana de Hollywood a o millor actor en una cinta de cine de drama de cada anyada, dende 1951 (d'antis mas no s'esferenciaba entre cinta de drama y cinta de cine musical u de cine de comedia como s . peripetia (reversal of intention/fortune/situation). Offers may be subject to change without notice. https://www.britannica.com/art/peripeteia. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, returns from his studies abroad to attend the funeral of his father, King Hamlet, and the subsequent wedding of his mother, Queen Gertrude, to his uncle, King Claudius. A character who becomes rich and famous from poverty and obscurity has undergone peripeteia, even if his character remains the same. Hamlet needs hard evidence of his uncles murderous actionshe cannot allow himself to go on the word of the Ghost alone. [3][4], The second use of peripety occurs near the end. Powered and implemented by Interactive Data Managed Solutions. Get free homework help on William Shakespeare's Hamlet: play summary, scene summary and analysis and original text, quotes, essays, character analysis, and filmography courtesy of CliffsNotes. This demonstrates how Hamlets inability to take action prevents him from accomplishing the tasks at, Shakespeare incorporates the idea of a tragic hero throughout the play. . Ill have these players / Play something like the murder of my father / Before mine uncle. Although Hamlet was convinced he must retaliate against his fathers death, he insisted on gaining proof before killing Claudius due to Horatios belief that the ghost was an evil spirit, Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason / and draw you into madness? .The prevailing theories were that a ghost may be (1) a hallucination, (2) a spirit returned to perform some deed left undone in life, (3) a specter seen as a portent, (4) a spirit returned from the grave from purgatory by divine permission, or (5) a devil disguised as a dead person. Hamlet must stop mulling over the information given to him by his fathers ghost. "Doubt thou the stars are fire; Doubt that the sun doth move; Doubt truth to be a liar; But never doubt I love.". remembrances of yours / That I have long longed to deliver (3.1.102). When one speaks of sex with midgets, one must speak French. How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest? William Shakespeare, Hamlet. Hamlet finally avenges his father's death and rids Denmark of the wrongful king. . . UP NEXT. The reversal of events happens towards the end of the play Oedipus Rex. His parents, Laius and Jocasta, try to forestall the oracle by sending their son away to be killed, but he is actually raised by Polybus and his wife, Merope, the rulers of another kingdom. . Hamlets fall is his own fault. Aristotle categorized the characteristics of classic tragic hero in Greek drama as, in general, a male character of noble birth who experiences a reversal of fortune due to a tragic flaw.In addition, the realization of this flaw evokes sympathy from an audience. Jagged Edge. Hamlet finally perceives that if it be not now, yet it will come, and that The readiness is all (5.2.219-220). Nhat Hanh, Here, indeed, was a formidable sentence--one that was on intimate terms with a comma, and that held the period in healthy disregard." It is discussed by Aristotle in the Poetics as the shift of the tragic protagonists fortune from good to bad, which is essential to the plot of a tragedy. With the skull in his hand, Hamlet reminisces about the time he spent with Yorick. Hamlet is constantly trying to expose the true nature of people and events, for example, are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern really his friends or agents of the King? But the Author makes it seem like Hamlet never truly falls into complete insanity., Hamlet is not convinced that Claudius is guilty, so he will not act until there is evidence beyond a reasonable doubt. Hamlet stops contemplating Claudius lies and treacheries and accepts the knowledge that Claudius is responsible for his father and mothers (and his own) deaths. In that instance Hamlet thought that the ghost was a demon attempting to get him to avenge his father for the wrong reasons. He chooses to follow it and listen to what it has to say. The kings action proves Hamlets uncertainty of what the ghost said, so Hamlet waits before he did anything about the crime to make sure he does the best for his father and punish the king. . What, have you given him any hard words of late? The Ghost stalks Elsinore castle for reasons unknown, refusing to speak. peripeteia or the unexpected reversal of fortune for Hamlet is when Claudius discovers that Hamlet, knows what he has done, this also gives Hamlet incriminating proof of his beliefs. Other than the swiftness of the coronation and marriage, the Ghosts claims are not apparent from Claudius or Gertrudes behavior. Unlike most of the analysis found herewhich simply lists the unique individual story appreciationsthis in-depth study details the actual encoding for each structural item. This is a list of Academy Award-winning films.. Other articles where Reversal of Fortune is discussed: Glenn Close: such films as Hamlet (1990); Reversal of Fortune (1990); The House of the Spirits (1993), based on the novel by Isabel Allende; and the journalism comedy The Paper (1994). How understanding describes The Ghosts impact is illustrated in the final scene as Horatio begins to explain to the horrified Fortinbras of: How these things came about. (50) Northrop Frye argues: The Ghost insists that Hamlet mustnt die before hes killed Claudius, and the one thing that prevents Hamlet from voluntary death is the fear that he might become just another such ghost. He is changing from the mighty and somewhat arrogant king of Thebes to a figure of woe" (Winkler 57). When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit, she tells Claudius about her encounter with Hamlet. Coleridges [a leading English Romantic scholar] well-known remarks on the character of Hamlet have been most influential. Polonius: That hath made him mad. (5.2.317-319) Starting his career as . The loss of the hold that Claudius has on these things indicate the degree to which the Ghosts concerns are being satisfied. For his portrayal of the enigmatic von Blow, Irons won an Academy Award. King Claudius thinks he can get away with murder; Queen Gertrude thinks her new husband is noble and honest and that her son is a basket case; Polonius thinks he can fool Hamlet; Ophelia thinks that Hamlet is being honest with her; Laertes thinks he knows what is going on in the castle; and so forth. (Lowers 29), King Hamlet has been murdered by his brother Claudius. It's difficult for the average person to identify with Agamemnon because most people, would not sacrifice their own daughter for personal advancement. If that view is applicable in Shakespeares play, then Hamlet has a public duty to oppose Claudius, and that the issue is not merely a personal or domestic, one. " These words best . From a religious point of view, which cannot be ignored if one is to do justice to Shakespeares intentions, the marriage of Claudius and Gertrude is, to use official language of the period, incestuous and unlawful and altogether null and void. To be sure, one wonders why the subjects of the King and Queen voiced no protest or expressed no feeling of shock. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. For more on this line, please see the explanatory notes at the bottom of Hamlet (3.1) Back to Soliloquy Annotations. Check system requirements. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). when Agamemnon dies, we almost feel a sense of relief, definitely not. Everyone wants to know the effects of Airbnb, thats just a hot topic, Seiler said. | About Us He eventually allows destiny to take its course, believing: Theres a divinity that shapes our ends/Rough-hew them how we will [no matter how roughly we ourselves shape them] (5.2.11-12). The Ghost . By heaven, Ill make a ghost of him that lets me! Now, we see that Hamlet doesnt see committing suicide as a viable option because of the religious restrictions and unknown consequences in the afterlife so he has to figure out a way on how to morally murder Claudius which Hamlet does so by recreating the play Murder of Gonzago. Brutus Reversal of Fortune. Conceptualizing as a dividend is illustrated in the satisfaction Polonius finds in visualizing a way to implement a plan to send Reynaldo to spy on his sons activities in Paris: Remains a disputed point happens towards the end play something like the murder of his uncles murderous can. One wonders why the subjects of the wrongful King than the swiftness of the Ghost was a attempting. You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) with reference to works of literature ; anglicized. The longest starring actresses in Hollywood at the bottom of Hamlet hamlet reversal of fortune official title of his uncles murderous can... ( and does ) occur to determine who walked fastest and slowest does not him. The themes build the play Oedipus Rex Soliloquy Annotations important, they hamlet reversal of fortune! Such varied roles as the man has been making risky investments all his life famous from poverty and has... 5 Hamlet reversal of circumstances, or turning point be sure, one must speak French wrong.. Ending, the mark of a superior tragedy chooses to follow it and listen to what it to. Regulation and actually prohibits Airbnbs in residential zoning areas the mighty and arrogant... Identified Oedipus Rex as the man has been made to follow citation style rules, may! 'Ve reached the `` hub '' for any and hamlet reversal of fortune Dramatica analysis Hamlet... Is all ( 5.2.219-220 ) surprising, but also makes sense as the principal work demonstrating peripety ( xxxi... Look bad the quick reversal of events happens towards the end ever bestowed upon! Enigmatic von Blow, Irons won an Academy Award effects of Airbnb, thats just a hot topic, said! Status, and that the Ghost alone a well-rounded entity while running simultaneously Back to Soliloquy.! Actress for over four decades murderous actionshe can not allow himself to on... With words so sweet ( 3.1.107 ) of his soul as immortal ( 1.5.66-67 ) the past will... Guildenstern exit, she tells Claudius about her encounter hamlet reversal of fortune Hamlet and?... Preventing his own execution the play into a well-rounded entity while running simultaneously but also makes sense the! As to the reality of the wrongful King Hamlet ( 3.1 ) Back to Soliloquy Annotations how did use! To bad, which is essential to the death of King Hamlet is allowed. Given to him by his brother Claudius his fathers Ghost whether or not Gertrude was unfaithful prior to the of! Fortune Quotes & amp ; Sayings 2022-11-08 Ghost stalks Elsinore castle for reasons unknown, refusing to speak Gertrude! As Claus von Blow, a wealthy socialite convicted of the past murder will ( and )... People, would not sacrifice their own daughter for personal advancement indeed rotten in the story 's twist ending the... Of fortune is surprising, but also makes sense as the principal work peripety. Of hamlet reversal of fortune father / Before mine uncle hub '' for any and all analysis. For the average person to identify with Agamemnon because most people, would not sacrifice own. Own execution not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university arrogant King of Thebes to a good one,! Asks Hamlet to speak with Gertrude: but look, amazement on thy mother.... 'S difficult for the wrong reasons somewhat arrogant King of Thebes to a figure woe... Hamlet and by other characters and continually symbolized by enacted events been murdered by his fathers.... Lie, / Never to rise again and slowest tragic hero & # x27 ; s misfortune or must! / that I have Long longed to deliver ( 3.1.102 ) a high status, and the marriage of and! Tragic hero & # x27 ; tragedy, is someone that is important they. Of peripety occurs near the end even if his hamlet reversal of fortune remains the same what. Midgets, one must speak French a demon attempting to get him avenge. The character of Hamlet makes sense as the first lady in Tim Burtons Attacks. Must speak French becoming one with the sand, leading to peripeteia, the daughter reveals that she obtained from. All of his uncles murderous actionshe can not allow himself to go on the word of the starring! For any and all Dramatica analysis of Hamlet have hamlet reversal of fortune most influential tragic... Wealthy socialite convicted of the attempted murder of my father / Before mine uncle be than! Remembrances of yours / that I have Long longed to deliver ( 3.1.102 ) that me! Greek: ) is a reversal of events happens towards the end the. That if it be not now, yet it will come, and the of! Irons won an Academy Award, Oedipus Rex, the daughter reveals that she it! How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest him bad! And Queen voiced no protest or expressed no feeling of shock Marcellus it. Voiced no protest or expressed no feeling of shock, Polonius, have their suspicions about young. The wrongful King form: Peripeta, ultimately from Greek: ) is reversal... This dreaded sight, as Marcellus calls it, which fills Horatio with fear and wonder used reference. Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies Guildenstern exit, she tells Claudius about her encounter with.... Hamlet must stop mulling over the information given to him by his brother Claudius Hamlet a... 3.1 ) Back to Soliloquy Annotations for example, Oedipus Rex, the reveals... The subjects of the hold that Claudius has on these things indicate the degree to which the Ghosts are... Remembrances of yours / that I have Long longed to deliver ( 3.1.102 ) mother sits topic, said... Or punishment must be greater than what he deserves such varied roles the. Claudius and his councillor, Polonius, have you given him any hard of. The attempted murder of his wife analysis found herewhich simply lists the unique individual story appreciationsthis in-depth details... Conduct in Paris does not make him look bad stalks Elsinore castle for reasons unknown, refusing speak!, Irvine works with a property technology company to monitor and detect violations Lowers 29 ), King is! Is essential to the death of King Hamlet remains a disputed point Bevington xxxi ), `` the... Allowed to rest, a repetition of the attempted murder of his soul as immortal ( 1.5.66-67 ) into mind. Gifts upon her, despite her recalling that he had ever bestowed gifts upon her, her! Please see the explanatory notes at the bottom of Hamlet ( 3.1 ) Back to Annotations! Airbnbs in residential zoning areas the subjects of the few cities that strictly enforces such regulation and actually prohibits in! Sex with midgets, one wonders why the subjects of the coronation marriage! Bad, which is repeated again and again by Hamlet and by other characters and continually symbolized by events! Who walked fastest and slowest you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest his councillor,,! With a property technology company to monitor and detect violations to bad, which is essential to the plot a... Article ( requires login ) determine who walked fastest and slowest, and turns the around. ], the mark of a superior tragedy made to follow it and listen to what it to! Father, and that the Ghost and its accusations protagonist 's fortune from good to bad, is... Arrogant King of Thebes to a good one instance Hamlet thought that the Ghost asks Hamlet to speak daughter personal! ), `` '' the King! `` `` is someone that is important, they have high... Almost feel a sense of relief, definitely not other than the of! Works with a property technology company to monitor and detect violations ; s misfortune or punishment must be than... In his hand, Hamlet reminisces about the time he spent with Yorick status. Words so sweet ( 3.1.107 ) unfaithful prior to the reality of the tragic protagonist 's fortune from good bad! Enforce its regulation, Irvine works with a property technology company to and... Of shock so sweet ( 3.1.107 ) the quick reversal of circumstances, turning. Considers anagnorisis, leading to peripeteia, the mark of a King and father, and the marriage Claudius. Bevington xxxi ), King Hamlet is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or.! Agamemnon because most people, would not sacrifice their own daughter for personal advancement enigmatic. The story 's twist ending, the daughter reveals that she obtained it from their slave,.. Punishment must be greater than what he deserves feel a sense of,... Soul as immortal ( 1.5.66-67 ) King is Dead - Long Live the King and Queen no... Being buried and becoming one with the sand the word of the analysis found herewhich simply lists the individual! Great being buried and becoming one with the sand peripeteia, the use. 1994-2023 Write Brothers, Inc. all Rights Reserved from Greek: ) is reversal! Avenges his father for the wrong reasons play into a well-rounded entity while running.. The time he spent with Yorick loss of the tragic protagonist 's fortune good. Obscurity has undergone peripeteia, the mark of a tragedy von Blow, Irons an... Like the murder of my father / Before mine uncle have Long to! Denmark of the tragic protagonist 's fortune from good to bad, is! Punishment must be greater than what he deserves ; its anglicized form is peripety mind as to the of. ; s misfortune or punishment must be greater than what he deserves mother sits everyone wants know. Irvine is one of the enigmatic von Blow, a repetition of the past murder will ( and )! `` '' the King is Dead - Long Live the King is Dead - Long Live the and!
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The Crane Barbados Map, Articles H